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Irakli Tsereteli
Irakli (Kaki) Tsereteli ((グルジア語:ირაკლი გიორგის ძე წერეთელი); (ロシア語:Ира́клий Гео́ргиевич Церете́ли); 20 November 1881 – 20 May 1959) was a Georgian politician, one of the leaders of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party and later the Georgian Mensheviks. A leading member of the Petrograd Soviet in 1917, Tsereteli would also serve as Minister of Post and Telegraph, and interim Minister of the Interior, in the Russian Provisional Government. After the October Revolution and rise of the Bolsheviks, he would return to Georgia, leaving when the Red Army invaded in 1921. He would spend the rest of his life in exile.
==Early life==
Irakli Tsereteli was born in Kutaisi (western Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire) in the family of a radical writer Giorgi Tsereteli, of the noble family of Tsereteli, and Olympiada Nikoladze, sister of the journalist Niko Nikoladze. He studied law at Moscow University where he became involved in student protests. After taking part in a student demonstration in 1902 he was briefly exiled to Siberia. On his release from prison Tsereteli joined the Social Democratic Labour Party (SDLP) and at the party's 1903 congress in London sided with Julius Martov against Vladimir Lenin. By becoming a Menshevik, opposed to Lenin's Bolsheviks. Tsereteli became editor of the pro-Menshevik publication Kvali'' ("Trace" in Georgian), but decided to move to Germany to escape increasing harassment from the authorities. He returned to Russia during the 1905 Revolution and was elected to the second Duma, emerging as a leading Menshevik. On the dissolution of the Duma, Tsereteli was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment and then exiled in 1913 to Irkutsk; there he became the leader of a circle of moderate Internationalists (mostly Mensheviks but including also SRs and former Bolsheviks) called the “Siberian Zimmerwaldists.”〔McCauley, Martin (1997), ''Who’s Who in Russia since 1900'', p. 211. Routledge, ISBN 0-415-13898-1.〕
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